Introduction

Filezilla FTP instructions:

Firewall ‘FileZilla server.exe’ and ‘FileZillaserver.exe’

What is PHP

Server-side, scripting language
Designed for use with HTML
Provides more flexibility than HTML alone
Syntax is similar to C, Java, Perl

Versions

Version 1: 1994

CGI binaries in the C programming Language

Version 2: 1995

Personal Home Page Tools

Version 3: 1998

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
Supported, not actively maintained

Version 4: 2000

Still actively support by updates
V4.4.6 on March 1, 2007
Supported/ Actively Maintained

Version 5: 2004

The latest version, still be developed
Version 5.2.1 on February 8, 2007
Supported/ Actively Maintained

Why Use PHP

Open Source / Free software
Cross platform to develop, to deploy, and to use
Powerful, robust, scalable
Web development specific
Can be object oriented, especially version 5
Great documentation in many languages

www.php.net/docs.php

Large, acrive developer community

20 million websites

Requirements

Web Servier ( Apache 1.3)
PHP (v 5.2.1)
Database (5.0)
Text Editor (Npp)
Web Browser (Firefox)

Installation Overview

XAMPP
PHP.ini
MYSQL root password
Editor - KomodoEdit?

Issues

MySQL Admin button inop
Open Apache Admin
MySQL.EXE command line tool

Must go to phpMyAdmin and create passwords

root@127.0.0.1
root@localhost
P@ssworD

PHP Syntax

PHPInfo()

<?php phpinfo();?>


PHP Version 5.3.5


System 
Windows NT E6510 6.1 build 7601 (Unknown Windows version Ultimate Edition Service Pack 1) i586 
Build Date 
Jan 6 2011 17:50:45 
Compiler 
MSVC6 (Visual C++ 6.0) 
…

Send to HTML page

<?php echo “Hello World”; ?>

Operational Trail

Data Types

Variables

$item – lower case
$Item – title case
$myVariable – camelcase
$_ is PHP reserved variable

String Functions

Lowercase:

strtolower($thirdString);

Uppercase:

strtoupper($thirdString);

Uppercase first-letter:

ucfirst($thirdString);

Uppercase words:

ucwords($thirdString);

Length:

strlen($thirdString);

Trim:

$fourthString = $firstString . trim($secondString);

Find:

strstr($thirdString, "brown");

Replace by string:

str_replace("quick", "super-fast", $thirdString);

Repeat:

str_repeat($thirdString,2);

Make substring:

substr($thirdString,5,10);

Find position:

strpos($thirdString,"brown");

Find character:

strchr($thirdString,"z");

Numbers

Basic Math

((1 + 2 + $var1) * $var2) / 2 - 5;

$var1 = 3;

$var2 = 4;

+=:

$var2 += 4;

-=:

$var2 -= 4;

*=:

$var2 *= 3;

/=:

$var2 /= 4;

Increment:

$var2++; echo $var2;

Decrement:

$var2--; echo $var2;

Floating Point Numbers

$var1 = 3.14

Floating point:

$myFloat = 3.14;

Round:

round($myFloat, 1);

Ceiling:

ceil($myFloat);

Floor:

floor($myFloat);

Absolute Value:

abs(0-300);

Exponential:

pow(2,8);

Square root:

sqrt(100);

Modulo(/remainder):

fmod(20,7);

Random (any):

rand();

Random (min,max):

rand(1,10);

Arrays

Single Dimensional Array

$array1 = array(4,6,8,16,32)

Reading

echo $array[0]

Multi-Dimensional Array

$array2 = array(4,6,8,array("X","Y","Z"),16,32)

Reading

echo $array[3][1]

Associative Array

$array("first_name"=>"Jeff", "last_name"=>"Davis")

Reading

echo $array3["first_name"]

Print Entire Array

print_r($array2)

Can use with html <pre></pre> tags

<pre><?php print_r($array2); ?></pre>

Array Functions

Count

count($array1)

Max Value

max($array1)

Min Value

min($array1)

Sort

sort($array1)

Reverse Sort

rsort($array1)

Implode(insert separators)

implode(" * ", $array1)

Explode(split at string)

explode(" * ", $string)

In array(bool)

in_array(3,$array1)

Boolean

$boo11 = true

$bool2 = false

$boolNULL = NULL;

$boo3 = 0 - empty for Booleans

$bool4 = “0” - empty for booleans

is_set($variable1)

!is_set($variable2)

Type Switching

Switching from int to string

$var1 = "2 brown foxes", $var2 = $var1 + 3;

gettype

gettype($var1)

= string, integer, bool, array

settype

settype($var2, "string")

= string

is_array

is_bool

is_float

is_int

is_null

is_numeric

is_string

Constants

Must be ALL CAPS

define(“MAX_WIDTH”, 300)

echo MAX_WIDTH

Control Structures

Operators

==, <=, >=, <>

Ternary

$result = (exp1) ? (expr2) :(expr3);

if exp1 is true, use expr2

otherwise, use expr3;

If, elseif, else

if

if ($a > $b){

}

elseif

if ($a > $b){

} elseif ($a > $c){

}

else

if ($a > $b){

} elseif ($a > $c){

}else{

}

Logical Operators

AND, &&

if (($a > $b) && ($c > $d))

OR, ||

if (($a >$b) && ($c > $d))

Switch

switch($a){

        case 0:

                echo: "a equals 0";

                break;

        case 1:

                echo: "a equals 1";

                break;

        default;

                echo: "a not known";

                break;

}

While Loop

count = 0;

while ($count <= 10){

        echo $count;

        $count ++;

}

For Loop

for (init; test; each){

        statement;

}


for($count=0; $count<=10; $count++){

}

Foreach Loop

Arrays

foreach ($array as $value){

}



$keys = array(1,2,3,4,5);

foreach ($keys as $key){

        echo $key

}

Associative Arrays

foreach ($array as $key => $value)

        Statement;

Example1

// using each key => value pair

// good for when you need the index with the value in the foreach

$ages = array(1,2,3,4,5);


foreach ($ages as $position => $age){

        echo $position . ": " . $age . "<br />";

}

0: 1

1: 2

2: 3

3: 4

4: 5

Example2

$ages = array(

        "John" => 1,

        "Jane" => 2,

        "Kelly" => 3

);


foreach ($ages as $name => $age){

        echo $name. ": " . $age . "<br />";

}

John: 1

Jane: 2

Kelly: 3

Example3

$prices = array(

        "New Computer"=>2000,

        "Training"=>25,

        "Learning PHP"=>"priceless"

        );


foreach($prices as $key->$value) {

                if(is_int($value)){

                        echo $key . ": $" . $value . "<br />";

                } else {

                        echo $key . ":  " . $value . "<br />";

                } 

        }

New Computer: $2000

Training: $25

Learning PHP: priceless

Continue

Once condition is met, continue with the loop

Continue;

Break

Once condition is met, break out of the current loop

Break;

for ($count=0; $count<=10; $count++){

        echo $count . ", ";

}

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,

for ($count=0; $count<=10; $count++){

        echo $count;

        if ($count < 10) {echo ", ";}

}

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

for ($count=0; $count<=10; $count++){

        echo $count;

        if ($count == 10) {break;}

        echo ", ";

}

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Pointers

current($array1)

current pointer

next($array1)

move pointer next

reset($array1)

set pointer to start

// Arrays have pointers that point to a position in the array

// We can use current, next and reset to manipulate the pointer

echo "1: " . current($ages) . "<br />";

next($ages);

echo "2: " . current($ages) . "<br />";

reset($ages);

echo "3: " . current($ages) . "<br />";

1: 4
2: 8
3: 4

// while loop that moves the array pointer

// It is important to understand this type of loop before working with databases

// $age is a POINTER, not a VARIABLE

// returns TRUE if $age was able to be assigned 

//        (pointer $current able to move next()

while ($age = current($ages)) {

        echo $age . ", ";

        next($ages); //move pointer to next position in array

}

4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,

Functions

Functions can be placed anywhere, not necessarily BEFORE their call

function name($arguments){

        statement;

}

function say_hello(){

        echo "Hello World!<br />";

}

say_hello();

Hello World!

function say_hello2($word){

        echo "Hello {$word}!<br />";

}

say_hello2("World");

say_hello2("Everyone");

Hello World!

Hello Everyone!

function add_subt($val1, $val2){

        $add = $val1 + $val2;

        $subt = $val1 - $val2;

        $result = array($add, $subt);

        return $result;        


echo "Calling 'add_subt' <br />";

$result_array = add_subt(10,5);

echo "Add: " . $result_array[0] . "<br />";

echo "Substract: " . $result_array[1];

Sum is: 7
Result is: 7Calling 'add_subt'Add: 15
Substract: 5

Globals

//global by default

$bar = “Outside”;

function foo(){

$bar_local = "local variable";

global $bar;

$bar = "Inside";

return $var;

}

// pull local variable into a global one

$bar = foo($bar);

Default Values

function paint($color="red"){

echo "Painting with color: " . $color . "<br />";

}

echo "Calling 'paint()' <br />";

paint();

echo "Calling 'paint(blue)' <br />";

paint("blue");

Calling 'paint()'
Painting with color: red
Calling 'paint(blue)'
Painting with color: blue

Troubleshooting & Debugging

Display_errors/error_reporting
Sever Error Logs

WAMP: C:\wamp\logs
XAMPP: C:\xampp\apache\logs

typos, semicolons, closing braces
= v.s. ==

PHP commands

echo $variable; //variable value

print_r($array); //readable array info

gettype($variable); //variable type

var_dump($variable); //variable type and value

get_defined_vars(); //array of defined variables

Building Dynamic Web Pages

URLs/Links

GET

Forms

POST

$_GET[‘’] & urlencode(), urldecode

Information can be sent in the link request and retrieved by the receiving page

<a href="secondpage.php?id=2">Second Page</a><br />

<a href="secondpage.php?name=Kevin Lastname&id=42">Second Page - name=Kevin</a><br />

<a href="secondpage.php?name=<?php echo urlencode("Kevin&") ?>&id=42">Second Page - Kevin& using urlencode()</a>

<br />---This link uses urlencode() and receiver will need urldecode

print_r($_GET);

$id = $_GET['id'];

if (!$_GET['name']){

$name = "none";

} else {

$name = $_GET['name'];

$name2 = urldecode($_GET['name']);

}

First Page Array ( )
Name RAW:none ID:
Name RAW:none
Name: urldecode():
Name: urlencode():
Name: htmlspecialchars():none

Encoding

Code

<?php

$url_page = 'php/create/page/url.php';

$param1 = 'this is a string';

$param2 = '"bad"/<>character$';

$linktext = "<Click> & you'll see";

<?php

// this gives you a clean link to use

$url = "http://e6510/";

$url .= rawurlencode($url_page);

$url .= "?param1=" . urlencode($param1);

$url .= "&param1=" . urlencode($param2);

// htmlspecialchars esacepes any html that

// might do bad things to your html page

<?php echo htmlspecialchars($linktext);?>

</a>

Ouput

<Click> & you'll see

Forms

Username: <input type="text" name="username" value="" />

Password: <input type="password" name="password" value="" />

</form>

<?php

$username = $_POST['username'];

$password = $_POST['password'];

echo "{$username}: {$password}";

MyName: 1234

Cookies

setcookie() creates a cookie for a set time

<?php

setcookie('test', 45, time()+(60*60*24*7));

Access the cookie with the $_COOKIE[‘’] variable

<?php

$var1 = $_COOKIE['test'];

echo $var1;

Removing a cookie

setcookie('test', 0, time()-(60*60*24*7));

Check for COOKIE presence with isset()

<?php

// init $var1 in case COOKIE is empty/missing

$var1 = 0;

if (isset($_COOKIE['test'])){

$var1 = $_COOKIE['test'];

}

echo $var1;

Sessions

Sessions store data on the server under a session ID.
The client computer stores the Session ID in a cookie called PHPSESSID.

<?php

// must occur before any HTML

session_start();

Session ID is stored in a cookie on client computer

3r0lf8ggvepvu6t3hdhrfqs892

<html>

<body>

<?php

$_SESSION['name'] = "kevin";

<?php

$name = $_SESSION['name'];

echo $name;

</body>

</html>

Session files on the server can take up space over time either with multiuser sites or sessions that store large amounts of data

Other SUPER GLOBALS

$_SERVER

$_HOST

Headers and Page Redirection

Server makes a request to the php page, it will send headers to browser before HTML data
Headers precede HTML data

header(header information)

header(“Content-type: application/vnd.ms-excel; name=’excel’”);

header(“Content-disposition: attachment; filename=myfile.xls”);

<?php

header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");

exit;

// headers must occur before any HTML

Redirect

<?php

// headers must occur before any HTML

// this is how you redirect a page

// 302 Redirect

header("Location: basic.html");

<?php

// this is how you return a 404 error

//header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");

exit;

Output buffering

Instead of running into problems with php before HTML, Server will store up all html code until all data parsed and php code handled.
If output buffering is enabled, the header() command will still work if within the HTML body tag.
PHP.ini controls this feature.

; Output buffering is a mechanism for controlling how much output data

; (excluding headers and cookies) PHP should keep internally before pushing that

; data to the client. If your application's output exceeds this setting, PHP

; will send that data in chunks of roughly the size you specify.

; Turning on this setting and managing its maximum buffer size can yield some

; interesting side-effects depending on your application and web server.

; You may be able to send headers and cookies after you've already sent output

; through print or echo. You also may see performance benefits if your server is

; emitting less packets due to buffered output versus PHP streaming the output

; as it gets it. On production servers, 4096 bytes is a good setting for performance

; reasons.

; Note: Output buffering can also be controlled via Output Buffering Control

; functions.

; Possible Values:

; On = Enabled and buffer is unlimited. (Use with caution)

; Off = Disabled

; Integer = Enables the buffer and sets its maximum size in bytes.

; Note: This directive is hardcoded to Off for the CLI SAPI

; Default Value: Off

; Development Value: 4096

; Production Value: 4096

; http://php.net/output-buffering

output_buffering = 4096

Usage

ob_start();

<html>

<head>

</head>

<body>

Page Content

</body>

<html>

ob_end_flush();

Include and Require

include()

include a php file
no error if not found

include_once()

include a php file
but only once
Good for php function files.

require()

include a php file
throw error if not found

require_once()

include a php file
but only once
throw error if not found
Good for php function files.

included_func.php:

functions

includes.php

<?php

include("included_func.php");

Output:

functions

Example2: Calling included function

included_func.php:

<?php

function hello($name){

echo "Hello {$name}";

}

includes.php

<?php

include("included_func.php");

<?php

hello("Eveyone");

Output:

Hello Eveyone

Databases

CRUD

Create, Read, Update, Delete

Read: SQL SELECT

SELECT * FROM table

WHERE colum1 = ‘some_text’

ORDER BY column, column2 ASC;

WRITE: SQL INSERT

INSERT INTO table (column1, colum2, column3)

VALUES (val1, val2, val3);

UPDATE: SQL UPDATE

UPDATE table

SET column1 = ‘some_text’

WHERE id = 1;

DELETE: DQL DELETE

DELETE FROM table

WHERE id=1;

Creating a database, table and table fields

CREATE DATABASE widget_corp;

USE widget_corp;

CREATE TABLE subjects (

id int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,

menu_name varchar(30) NOT NULL,

position int(3) NOT NULL,

visible tinyint(1) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (id)

);

Adding a row into the table

INSERT INTO subjects ( menu_name, position, visible)

VALUES( 'About Widget Corp', 1, 1);

INSERT INTO subjects ( menu_name, position, visible)

VALUES( 'Products', 2 , 1);

Reading from the table

SELECT * FROM subjects;

Chapter 12

Create Blueprint for Application

Create Database: phpMyAdmin

Database: “widget_corp”

Type: ISAM

subjects

Name

Type

Collation

Null

Primary

int(11)

menu_name

varchar(30)

utf8_general_ci

position

int(3)

visible

tinyint(1)

pages

Name

Type

Collation

Null

Primary

int(11)

subject_id

int(11)

menu_name

varchar(30)

utf8_general_ci

position

int(3)

visible

tinyint(1)

content

text

Users

Name

Type

Collation

Null

Primary

int(11)

user_name

varchar(50)

utf8_general_ci

hashed_password

varchar(40)

utf8_general_ci

Relational Database

Project Setup

Database Connection

CRUD

Create

Read

Update

Delete

Menu Generation

Query, Result, Result_set, Item loop

Query ORDER BY ….ASC

Chapter 13

Escaping characters for SQL statements

These need escape slashes to be included in a string

Quote(‘)
Double Quote (”)
Backslash( \)
NUL(NULL Byte)

UPDATE… “That’s all” = “That’’s all”

Two single quotes will be entered in the SQL statement(phpMyAdmin) or will be required if driven by code

mysql_real_escape_string()

Escapes special characters in the unescaped_string, taking into account the current character set of the connection so that it is safe to place it in a mysql_query(). If binary data is to be inserted, this function must be used.
mysql_real_escape_string() calls MySQL's library function mysql_real_escape_string, which prepends backslashes to the following characters: \x00, \n, \r, \, ', " and \x1a.
This function must always (with few exceptions) be used to make data safe before sending a query to MySQL.
Newer function

$query = "INSERT INTO subjects (

menu_name, position, visible

) VALUES (

'{$menu_name}', {$position}, {$visible}

)";

Quotes can cause problems with submitting to DB

Addslashes()

Returns a string with backslashes before characters that need to be quoted in database queries

Array[] (Append to Array)

Array[] will append to the array, taking the last indice+1

$thisArray[13] = “thirteen”;

$thisArray[] = “fourteen”;

PHP: PHP Essentials

Introduction

Filezilla FTP instructions:

What is PHP

Versions

Why Use PHP

Requirements

Installation Overview

Issues

PHP Syntax

PHPInfo()

Send to HTML page

Operational Trail

Data Types

Variables

String Functions

Numbers

Floating Point Numbers

Arrays

Array Functions

Boolean

Type Switching

Constants

Control Structures

Operators

Ternary

If, elseif, else

if

elseif

else

Logical Operators

Switch

While Loop

For Loop

Foreach Loop

Arrays

Associative Arrays

Example1

Example2

Example3

Continue

Break

Pointers

Functions

Globals

Default Values

PHP commands

Building Dynamic Web Pages

$_GET[‘’] & urlencode(), urldecode

Encoding

Code

Ouput

Forms

Cookies

Removing a cookie

Check for COOKIE presence with isset()

Sessions

Other SUPER GLOBALS

Headers and Page Redirection

Redirect

Output buffering

Usage

Include and Require

included_func.php:

includes.php

Output:

Example2: Calling included function

included_func.php:

includes.php

Output:

CRUD

Read: SQL SELECT

WRITE: SQL INSERT

UPDATE: SQL UPDATE

DELETE: DQL DELETE

Creating a database, table and table fields

Adding a row into the table

Reading from the table

Create Blueprint for Application

Create Database: phpMyAdmin